Abstract Noun - a noun that refers to a concept, state, quality or emotion. It's a noun which is not tangible. e.g- 'My son, you will get all the freedom you want later, listen to my advice right now'.
Acronym - A new word made from the initial letters of all the words in a name or phrase. e.g- UNICEF, DIY.
Adjacency Pair - dialogue that follows a set pattern when 2 people in a conversation talk. e.g- 'Hey', 'Heloo' How are you?', 'I'm good thanks, how about you?' (when 2 people are greeting each other.
Affixation - the process of adding an affix before (prefix) or after (suffix) an existing word to change either its meaning or grammatical function. e.g - hypertext,
Amelioration - a word takes on a different, more positive meaning than it had previously, thereby gaining status – ‘pretty’ meant sly but now means attractive.
Assimilation - Changes of pronunciation to make saying two words next to each other easier, “our owl” can be pronounced as “are owl” or “arowl” to avoid having to say the two hard vowel sounds between 'our' and 'owl'.
Blending - when parts of two words are combined to make a new one, e.g spork (spoon and fork), Oxbridge (Oxford and Cambridge)
Cliche - an expression that has lost its novelty value due to being overused. e.g -
When you have lemons, make lemonade: This cliché encourages you to have a positive attitude even when things are going bad.
Clipping - when a shortened version of a work becomes a work in is own right. e.g - Mobile and Demo.
Coining - the general term for creating new words.
Colloquialism - an established set of informal terms used in everyday language. e.g- 'Hey, that's cool dude!'
Comparative Adjective - the form of comparing two items:adjectives inflected with 'ER' or combined with 'more' are in the comparative form.
Complement - part of a sentence that comes after the verb and is needed to make the sentence complete
Compound word - a word made up of two or more stems
Conjunctions - a word that connects part of a sentence
Contraction - a shortened version of a word created by omission of letters.
Conversion- the creation of a word from an existing word without any change in form e.g. the noun ‘green’ in golf (referring to a ‘putting-green’) is taken from the adjective green.
Declarative Sentence- sentences that are used to make statements and convey information e.g. he walked out.
Demonstratives- used to tell us whether something is near or far from the speaker or writer and also shows singular or plural e.g. this book (singular, near), those books (plural, distant).
Determiner- something used with a noun that restricts the meaning by limiting the reference of the noun e.g. a boy, the girls,
Double Negative- when two negatives are used within one sentence.
Elison - when sounds or syllables are left out in speech to make pronunciation easier and quicker. They end up sounding like they're slurred together, e.g. d'ya instead of do you.
Euphemism - A word or phrase that is used as a substitute for harsher or more unpleasant sounding words or concepts.
Exclamatie Sentence - A sentence that has an expressie function and ends with an exclaimation mark.
Figurative Language - Language that is used in a non-literal wat to create images and form comparisons, e.g. metaphor and simile.
Filler - A sound produced by speakers to keep a conersation going and avoid silence, e.g. mm.
Fricative - A group of consonant sounds in English produced by forcing air through restriced passage (e.g. between the lips or teeth). Some of the English fricatives are th sounds, f, v, s, z, j sounds, and sh sounds.
Glottal Stop - A sound produced when the ocal cords interrupt the flow of air , often to replace a /t/ sound (e.g water becomes wa-uh).
Hyperbole - when exaggeration is used for effect.
Idiom - A saying that doesn't make sense if interpreted literally but is understood because it's commonly used e.g I could eat a horse.
Imperative sentences - A sentence that gies orders, adice or directions. It starts with a main verb and doesn't have a subject.
